Guide

Schedule C expense categories explained, line by line

Every expense line on IRS Schedule C (Form 1040) explained in plain English, with examples of what goes where, the lines people get wrong, and how bookkeeping categories map to them.

Schedule C is the form sole proprietors and single-member LLCs use to report business profit. Part II lists expenses by line. Here is what belongs on each one.

The lines

  • Line 8, Advertising: Google and Meta ads, business cards, website costs, sponsorships.
  • Line 9, Car and truck: standard mileage or actual vehicle costs for business use. Keep a log.
  • Line 10, Commissions and fees: referral fees, platform commissions, payment processing fees are often put here or on line 27.
  • Line 11, Contract labor: payments to independent contractors. Issue 1099-NEC for anyone paid $600 or more.
  • Line 13, Depreciation and Section 179: equipment, computers, furniture, vehicles written off over time or all at once.
  • Line 15, Insurance (other than health): liability, E&O, business property. Health insurance goes on Form 1040 Schedule 1, not here.
  • Line 16, Interest: business loan and credit card interest.
  • Line 17, Legal and professional: attorneys, accountants, bookkeeping software.
  • Line 18, Office expense: supplies, postage, small software.
  • Line 20, Rent or lease: office rent, coworking, equipment leases.
  • Line 21, Repairs and maintenance: fixing things, not improving them.
  • Line 22, Supplies: materials consumed in the work.
  • Line 23, Taxes and licenses: business licenses, employer payroll taxes, state LLC fees.
  • Line 24a, Travel: airfare, lodging, ground transport away from home.
  • Line 24b, Meals: 50% deductible business meals. Entertainment is not deductible.
  • Line 25, Utilities: business phone, internet, electricity for a business location.
  • Line 26, Wages: W-2 employees, not yourself.
  • Line 27a, Other: anything ordinary and necessary that does not fit above: software subscriptions, bank fees, education, dues.
  • Line 30, Home office: simplified ($5 per square foot up to 300) or actual expenses via Form 8829.

The mistakes that cost money

  • Putting health insurance on line 15 (it belongs on Schedule 1 and is worth more there).
  • Deducting 100% of meals.
  • Forgetting the QBI deduction, which is computed separately and is worth up to 20% of profit.
  • Expensing a $4,000 laptop on line 22 instead of line 13 (fine under the de minimis safe harbor up to $2,500 per item, otherwise depreciate or elect Section 179).
  • Skipping line 9 because the mileage log was never kept.

How ProfitBooks maps to this

Your chart of accounts is built for your industry, and each account carries its Schedule C line. At year end the category totals export in Schedule C order, so your preparer copies numbers instead of sorting transactions.

FAQ

Questions, answered

Do I file Schedule C for an LLC?

A single-member LLC that has not elected S corp or C corp status files Schedule C. Multi-member LLCs file Form 1065. S corps file 1120-S.

What if I have more than one business?

One Schedule C per business. Keep separate books for each; in ProfitBooks that means a separate business with its own statements.

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